This article aims to discuss experiences of application of urine for agricultural purposes conducted in other countries such as Sweden, Germany, China and West Africa. The methodology of the study included a literature search on the industry and the production of fertilizers in Brazil, the qualitative and quantitative characterization of human urine, and different technologies of segregation and treatment of urine to extract nutrients. As a result, we sought to demonstrate that it can also be a viable solution to Brazil with a focus on environmental sustainability as a way of reducing the environmental impacts caused by industrial production of fertilizer and the release of untreated excreta in water bodies, and also be an alternative to the shortage of reserves of phosphorus that may impact future food production.