Proposal of management indicators for the reuse water program in Brazilian breweries from the economic, environmental, social, and governance perspectives: an approach by the hybrid method of the analytical hierarchy process in group decision-making versus bayesian belief networks

Abstract

Highlights: The EESG factors defined are essential for drainage network designs, according to the methodologies used. The factors were determined by the work described by Giordano (1999). The AHP-GDM x BBN methodology calculates the impact and probability of occurrence of the risk factors that may impact reuse water in Brazilian breweries. Five specialists answered the questionnaire sent by social networks. Aim: Present an original proposal for a sustainable indicator that allows combining the analysis of EESG risk factors influencing the reuse water process in Brazilian brewery industries through the AHP-GDM and BBN methodologies. Design/Methodology/Approach: For the modeling, the risk factors were identified in the literature, followed by applying questionnaires to experts to enable the comparative analysis between the criteria and subcriteria for the attribution of local and individual weights through the AHP-GDM and BBN methodologies. Results: Among the results, regional environmental legislation stands out as the most critical factor, while the environmental criterion was the most important within the EESG dimensions. Research Limitations: It should be emphasized that the model to be proposed in this study is limited to presenting an objective function that will be treated as a "Breweries EESG Indicator," leaving it up to each of the companies that opt to adhere to it to define the metrics and/or their internal indicators that are most suitable for each factor or subcriterion, according to their own business strategies. That is, in the manner presented in this paper, each company adopts the indicator that suits it for each of the subcriteria analyzed. Practical Implications: In this sense, the authors present a model that allows calculating the performance of the level of reuse water utilization in operations inherent to the Brazilian brewing industry, suggesting the model's replication in other areas. Originality/Value: The originality of the approach consisted in the fact that no similar study of a hybrid approach of the AHP and Bayesian Networks methods in the EESG context has been identified in the literature, thus creating a gap for the elaboration of a sustainability-oriented model using these methods concomitantly.

Keywords: Reuse water; AHP-GDM; BBN; EESG; Breweries.